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Four compass directions
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1. Four compass directions
This content is being developed.

2. Physical and spiritual directions
Compass plus 40 Map: St. Paul's United Methodist Church
Note the position of the church where north points up and consider one standing in the lobby at the entrance. Being 30 degrees off on a compass is like being 1 hour off on an analog clock. 12*30=360
Discuss: How important is it to have the physical directions in a church accurate if people are coming to the church for spiritual direction? Physical compass. Moral compass. Spiritual compass.

How important is it that these are pointing in the right direction? If not, the further you go the further off course you get.

3. Modern Greek
The ancient Greek word "δύο" ≈ "two". The ancient Greek word "δύσις" ≈ "setting of sun, west, hiding place" and comes from the ancient Greek word "δύω" ≈ "cause to sink, plunge". The vocative is "δῠ́σῐ" ≈ "sunset, west".

4. Revelation 21:13
Revelation 21:13 On the east three gates; on the north three gates; on the south three gates; and on the west three gates. [kjv]
 απ  απο ανατολης πυλωνες τρεις και απο βορρα πυλωνες τρεις και απο νοτου πυλωνες τρεις και απο δυσμων πυλωνες τρεις [gnt]

Compass

This verse has all four compass directions. Note that "east" has a more general definition so if one means the "east" of the rising "sun" one should add the word "sun" (if context is not clear).

Information sign More: Revelation 21:1-27

5. Four compass directions
... more to be added ...

6. Revelation 16:12 Rising sun in the east
Revelation 16:12 And the sixth angel poured out his vial upon the great river Euphrates; and the water thereof was dried up, that the way of the kings of the east might be prepared. [kjv]
και ο εκτος  αγγελος   εξεχεεν την φιαλην αυτου επι τον ποταμον τον μεγαν τον ευφρατην και εξηρανθη το υδωρ αυτου ινα ετοιμασθη η οδος των βασιλεων των απο  ανατολων   ανατολης ηλιου [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "ἀνατολή" ≈ "rising above the horizon, direction of sunrise, east" and similar related meanings. Since the "sun" was not assumed, the word "sun" was added, as in this verse, to make it more clear that "east" is meant. The word comes from the following. The modern Greek word "ανατολή" (a-na-to-LEE) ≈ "east, sunrise, dawn".

Information sign More: John 3:1-17 Born from the beginnings
Information sign More: Variations of born again in other words
Information sign More: Revelation 16:1-21 A veiled look at the seven vile bowl judgments

7. Matthew 22:5 Merchants and merchandise
Matthew 22:5 But they made light of it, and went their ways, one to his farm, another to his merchandise: [kjv]
οι δε αμελησαντες απηλθον  ο  ος μεν εις τον ιδιον αγρον  ο  ος δε  εις  επι την εμποριαν αυτου [gnt]

Credit cardThe Greek word translated as "to" his "merchandise" is that of "onto" his "merchandise".
The English word "emporium" is from the Latin word "emporium" ≈ "trading station" from the ancient Greek word "ἐμπόριον" ≈ "trading station, market" which is from the ancient Greek word "ἔμπορος" ≈ "traveler, merchant" as in one who makes a journey.

The ancient Greek word "εις" ≈ "into". The ancient Greek word "ἐπί" ≈ "on, upon" as in the prefix of the English word "epicenter" which is, literally, "on the center".

Information sign More: Matthew 13:45-46 KP6 Parable of the pearl of great price
Information sign More: Matthew 22:1-5 Parable of the wedding feast 1

8. North
Merchandise and in north

The ancient Greek word "ἔμπορος" ≈ "traveler, merchant". The letter combination "mp" is that of "b".

Compass

What is the connotation of "north" in Hebrew and Greek culture?

[north play on words][Dan, serpent, eagle]

The the English term"aurora borealis" comes from the Latin word for "dawn" or "sunrise" and the Greek word "north" (which comes through Latin).

9. Isaiah 14:13 North
Isaiah 14:13 For thou hast said in thine heart, I will ascend into heaven, I will exalt my throne above the stars of God: I will sit also upon the mount of the congregation, in the sides of the north: [kjv]
συ δε ειπας εν τη διανοια σου εις τον ουρανον αναβησομαι επανω των αστρων του ουρανου θησω τον θρονον μου καθιω εν ορει υψηλω επι τα ορη τα υψηλα τα προς βορραν [lxx]

Compass Bear and true north
In general, does the area of the "north" in the Bible have a good, bad, or indifferent connotation?

[wilderness, north side, Dan, serpent, eagle]
The the English term"aurora borealis" comes from the Latin word for "dawn" or "sunrise" and the Greek word "north" (which comes through Latin).

Information sign More: The idols Bel and Nabu
Information sign More: Matthew 11:20-30 Upgraded baby yokes revealed

10. East direction
Compass
The Russian word "восток" (bos-tok) ≈ "east" has the German "Ost" in it.
The Russian city of Vladivostok literally means the "power" of the "east" where Vladimir, a Russian name combining power and peace, is a common name in Russian.

The Russian prefix "B" has the connotation of "to" or "towards".

The word "east" has an interesting etymology.
Note that the Russian prefix "в" is also a standalone prepositional word that means "to" or "towards". The English word "east" and German "Ost" which is the same sound as the Russian word. Both are cognate with the Russian word for "east".

11. Matthew 2:2
Matthew 2:2 Saying, Where is he that is born King of the Jews? for we have seen his star in the east, and are come to worship him. [kjv]
λεγοντες που εστιν ο τεχθεις βασιλευς των ιουδαιων ειδομεν γαρ αυτου τον αστερα εν τη ανατολη και ηλθομεν προσκυνησαι αυτω [gnt]
… oriente … [v]
… eest … [ty]
… Morgenland … [lu]
… востоке … [rus]


12. Matthew 2:2
   Matthew 2:2 
 All 
KJV: Saying, Where is he that is born King of the Jews? for we have seen his star in the east, and are come to worship him.
Greek: λεγοντες που εστιν ο τεχθεις βασιλευς των ιουδαιων ειδομεν γαρ αυτου τον αστερα εν τη ανατολη και ηλθομεν προσκυνησαι αυτω
Latin: dicentes ubi est qui natus est rex Iudaeorum vidimus enim stellam eius in oriente et venimus adorare eum
Wessex: & cwaeðen. hwaer is se iudea kyng þe akenned is. Soðliche we geseagen his steorran on east-daele. & we comen us hine to ge-eadmedenne.
Wycliffe: and seiden, Where is he, that is borun king of Jewis? for we han seyn his sterre in the eest, and we comen to worschipe him.
Tyndale: saynge: Where is he yt is borne kynge of ye Iues? We have sene his starre in ye eest and are come to worship him.
Luther: Wo ist der neugeborne König der Juden? Wir haben seinen Stern gesehen im Morgenland und sind kommen, ihn anzubeten.
Slavonic: где есть рождейся Царь Иудейский? Видехом бо звезду Его на востоце и приидохом поклонитися Ему.
Russian: где родившийся Царь Иудейский? ибо мы видели звезду Его на востоке и пришли поклониться Ему.
Spanish: diciendo: ¿Dónde está el Rey de los judíos, que ha nacido? Porque su estrella hemos visto en el oriente, y venimos a adorarle.
The Luther German uses "Morgenland", which literally means "morning land", for "east".

A historical Linguistic is that a hard Germanic "g" often changes to a softer English "y" sound and then often disappears. An example is German "Morgan" to intermediate form "morying" to "morning".

Information sign More: Germanic g to English y
The wise men, being Magi, came from the "east", being from the old Persian Empire that was taken over by the Parthians. Six hundred years earlier, Daniel had been appointed chief of the Magi. Herodotus records facts about the Magi in Babylon as part of the Meade-Persian empire. The Magi "saw his star in the east".

13. Viewpoint
Was the star "in the east" or were the wise men in the "east" when they saw his star in the "west", which led them "west"?
Who had the telescope, John or Mary?

14. We three kings of orient are
The "east" at Christmas brings to mind the song, "We three kings of orient are".

15. Song: We three kings of orient are
The Christmas song "We three kings" was written by John Henry Hopkins, Jr., from Williamsport, PA, in 1857. There's gold, frankincense, but wait, there's myrrh!
There are some factual issues with the words to the song.

16. Orient
The Greek word «ανατειλη» for "arise" is related to the Greek word «ανατολη» which means "east".

The rising sun is in the east. We orient our maps to the north, but originally maps were oriented to the east, thereby China being referred to as the "Orient". The modern Greek word for "dawn" as «αυγά» and "egg" as «αυγό» are related. Pagans worshiped the sun as in the "golden egg of Astarte". In the Old Testament, this is "Astorith". We get the words for Easter from the rising sun in the east. In German it is "Ostern". With pagan fertility rites represented as eggs and rabbits, we get the concept of Easter bunnies and Easter eggs.

The modern Greek word "Πάσχα" (PA-skha) ≈ "Easter", is in "The Passover".

17. Song: In Christ there is no east or west
Psalms 103:12 As far as the east is from the west, so far hath he removed our transgressions from us. [kjv]
καθ οσον απεχουσιν ανατολαι απο δυσμων εμακρυνεν αφ ημων τας ανομιας ημων [lxx]

Orientation Earth - animation
The words to "In Christ there is no east or west" were written by English poet/author William Arthur Dunkerley (1852-1941) in 1908 for an exhibition in London for the theme "the orient in London".

The Latin word "orientem" ≈ "east" and is the source of the English word "orient". At one time, the top of maps were the direction east.
It was published in 1913, a year before the start of World War I, based on Galatians 3:28. During World War I, his hymn book "Hymns for men at the front" sold 8,000,000 (eight million) copies.

Information sign More: Song: In Christ there is no east or west

18. Verse 1
In Christ there is no East or West,
In Him no South or North;
But one great fellowship of love
Throughout the whole wide earth.

19. Verse 5
In Christ now meet both East and West,
In Him meet North and South;
All Christly souls are one in Him
Throughout the whole wide earth.

20. Vespers in the west at evening
Luke 24:29 … Abide with us: for it is toward evening, and the day is far spent. … [kjv]
και παρεβιασαντο αυτον λεγοντες μεινον μεθ ημων οτι προς εσπεραν εστιν και κεκλικεν ηδη η ημερα και εισηλθεν του μειναι συν αυτοις [gnt]

The garden of Hesperides, visited by Hercules as one of his feats, was in the extreme west (setting sun) from Greece and is the source of the Greek word for "evening" which comes, through Latin, as "vespers". The ancient Greek word for "Spain" was "Hesperia".

The ancient Greek word "ἕσπερος" ≈ "evening" which has a connotation of "west" as in the setting sun. The related English word "west" is related to the Latin word "vesper" ≈ "evening" and the Russian word "вечер" (ve-sher) ≈ "evening".

Since Adam and Eve were expelled towards the east, and Hesperides is to the west, some associate the Garden of Eden with the legend of the Gander of Hesperides.

21. Strongs - evening

22. Usage - evening
*G2073 *3 ἑσπέρα (hes-per'-ah) : feminine of an adjective hesperos (evening); the eve (5610 being implied):--evening(-tide).
Word usage per chapter Words: εσπερα εσπεραν εσπερας


23. Luke 24:29 Road to Emmaus
Luke 24:29 But they constrained him, saying, Abide with us: for it is toward evening, and the day is far spent. And he went in to tarry with them. [kjv]
και παρεβιασαντο αυτον λεγοντες μεινον μεθ ημων οτι προς εσπεραν εστιν και κεκλικεν ηδη η ημερα και εισηλθεν του μειναι συν αυτοις [gnt]
… advesperascit … [v]
… вечеру… [rus]

The modern Greek word "καλησπέρα" (ka-lee-SPEH-ra) ≈ "good evening" comes from Greek words for "good" and "evening" the ancient Greek word "ἕσπερος" ≈ "evening".

24. Luke 24:29
   Luke 24:29 
 All 
KJV: But they constrained him, saying, Abide with us: for it is toward evening, and the day is far spent. And he went in to tarry with them.
Greek: και παρεβιασαντο αυτον λεγοντες μεινον μεθ ημων οτι προς εσπεραν εστιν και κεκλικεν ηδη η ημερα και εισηλθεν του μειναι συν αυτοις
Latin: et coegerunt illum dicentes mane nobiscum quoniam advesperascit et inclinata est iam dies et intravit cum illis
Russian: Но они удерживали Его, говоря: останься с нами, потому что день уже склонился к вечеру. И Он вошел и остался с ними.

25. Daniel 6:14 Daniel in the lions den
Daniel 6:14 Then the king, when he heard these words, was sore displeased with himself, and set his heart on Daniel to deliver him: and he laboured till the going down of the sun to deliver him. [kjv]
τοτε ο βασιλευς ως το ρημα ηκουσεν πολυ ελυπηθη επ αυτω και περι του δανιηλ ηγωνισατο του εξελεσθαι αυτον και εως εσπερας ην αγωνιζομενος του εξελεσθαι αυτον [lxx]


26. Daniel 6:14
   Daniel 6:14 
 All 
KJV: Then the king, when he heard these words, was sore displeased with himself, and set his heart on Daniel to deliver him: and he laboured till the going down of the sun to deliver him.
Hebrew: אדין מלכא כדי מלתא שמע שגיא באש עלוהי ועל דניאל שם בל לשיזבותה ועד מעלי שמשא הוא משתדר להצלותה׃
Greek: τοτε ο βασιλευς ως το ρημα ηκουσεν πολυ ελυπηθη επ αυτω και περι του δανιηλ ηγωνισατο του εξελεσθαι αυτον και εως εσπερας ην αγωνιζομενος του εξελεσθαι αυτον

27. Vespers
The English word "vespers" is from the PIE (Proto Indo-European) root "*WEKSPEROS" ≈ "evening" as in "stretching towards the evening".

The ancient Greek word "ἕσπερος" ≈ "evening" which has a connotation of "west" is in the setting sun.

The modern Greek word "εσπέρα" (eh-SPEH-ra) ≈ "evening".

28. Hercules
Hercules in his 11th labor had to obtain the Apples of Esperides or Hesperides, guarded by a dragon named Ladon and the nymphs called the Hesperides.

Hesperus was related to Venus as the "evening star".

29. Latin
The Latin word "vesper" ≈ "evening" and is the source of the English word "vesper" is a service in the evening rather than the morning.

30. West
The English word "west" is related to "evening" as in "vespers". The Old Church Slavonic word "вечеръ" ≈ "evening". The Russian word "вечер" (ve-sher) ≈ "evening".

31. Diagram
Linguistic diagram of evening

32. Matthew 12:29 Late binding to the west
Matthew 12:29 Or else how can one enter into a strong man's house, and spoil his goods, except he first bind the strong man? and then he will spoil his house. [kjv]
η πως δυναται τις εισελθειν εις την οικιαν του ισχυρου και τα σκευη αυτου  διαρπα  σαι αρπασαι εαν μη πρωτον δηση τον ισχυρον και τοτε την οικιαν αυτου διαρπασει [gnt]

Bind and sunset
The ancient Greek word "δήση" ≈ "bind" as a rarely used inflection of the ancient Greek word "δέω" ≈ "bind".

[strong man, shadow]
A play on words is "δύσις" ≈ "setting of sun, west, hiding place" and comes from the ancient Greek word "δύω" ≈ "cause to sink, plunge". The vocative is "δῠ́σῐ" ≈ "sunset, west". The modern Greek word "δύση" (THEE-see) ≈ "west, sunset, decline".

Would any play on words with "bind" as compared to "west" or "sunset" or "late" make any sense historically?

Information sign More: Matthew 12:29 Snatching the raptured goods from the strong man

33. Spain and the land of rabbits
The land of Spain on the Iberian Peninsula comes from the "Land of rabbits" or "Iberia" or Ispania".

34. Matthew 26:20 The number twelve
Matthew 26:20 Now when the even was come, he sat down with the twelve. [kjv]
οψιας δε γενομενης ανεκειτο μετα των δωδεκα μαθητων [gnt]
… efne … haelend … twelf … [wes]
… Abend setzte … Zwölfen. [lu]

Digits
The ancient Greek word "δώδεκα" ≈ "twelve" from the Greek words for "two" and "ten". The Latin word "duadecim" ≈ "twelve". The modern Greek word "δώδεκα" (THO-theh-ka) ≈ "twelve".
The Old English word "twelf" ≈ "twelve" comes from "two" and "left". That is, there are two left when ten is taken away. The word for "left" meant the same thing as "lacks". The English word "twelve" is related to the German word "zwölf" ≈ "twelve".
 
Why would a joke about 12 eggs be boring?


Information sign More: Counting and numbers
Information sign More: Then there were twelve also

35. Matthew 26:20 Vespers in the evening
Matthew 26:20 Now when the even was come, he sat down with the twelve. [kjv]
οψιας δε γενομενης ανεκειτο μετα των δωδεκα μαθητων [gnt]
vespere autem facto discumbebat cum duodecim discipulis [v]
… Abend setzte … Zwölfen. [lu]

The ancient Greek word "ὄψεις" ≈ "evening". The ancient Greek word "ὄψις" ≈ "view, sight, face, countenance" which is part of the Greek word for "face".

The ancient Greek word "ἕσπερος" ≈ "evening" which has a connotation of "west" as in the setting sun. The related English word "west" is related to the Latin word "vesper" ≈ "evening" and the Russian word "вечер" (ve-sher) ≈ "evening". The German word "Abend" ≈ "evening".

Information sign More: Matthew 23:25-26 Cleaning the cup and bowl
Information sign More: Matthew 26:17-29 Betrayal of the Last Supper tradition

36. Matthew 24:27 Son of man
Matthew 24:27 For as the lightning cometh out of the east, and shineth even unto the west; so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. [kjv]
ωσπερ γαρ η αστραπη εξερχεται απο ανατολων και φαινεται εως δυσμων ουτως εσται  και   η παρουσια του υιου του ανθρωπου [gnt]

Son and Jehu
Might this be a deceptive "presence" such that it is not clear to those observing it happen?

If so, what do you think about using such a deceptive "presence". The idea of "arrival" or "advent" comes from the Latin.


Information sign More: Genitive son of man in Matthew
Information sign More: 2 Kings 10:16-30 King Jehu and the feast of the false prophets of Baal
Information sign More: Matthew 24:25-31 Told before

37. Matthew 24:27 Lightning
Matthew 24:27 For as the lightning cometh out of the east, and shineth even unto the west; so shall also the coming of the Son of man be. [kjv]
ωσπερ γαρ η αστραπη εξερχεται απο ανατολων και φαινεται εως δυσμων ουτως εσται  και   η παρουσια του υιου του ανθρωπου [gnt]

Shock Star
The ancient Greek word "ἀστραπή" ≈ "lightning" and comes from two Greek words.
Note: The ancient Greek word "γαστήρ" ≈ "belly, womb" and is the source, through Latin, of the English word "gastric".

Information sign More: Psalms 17:8 Apple of the eye
Information sign More: Matthew 24:25-31 Told before

38. Luke 17:24
Luke 17:24 For as the lightning, that lighteneth out of the one part under heaven, shineth unto the other part under heaven; so shall also the Son of man be in his day. [kjv]
ωσπερ γαρ η αστραπη  η   αστραπτουσα εκ της  υπ  υπο τον ουρανον εις την υπ ουρανον λαμπει ουτως εσται  και   ο υιος του ανθρωπου  εν τη ημερα αυτου   [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "ἀστραπή" ≈ "lightning" and is used twice in the same verse.

Luke is much more general than Matthew.

Information sign More: Matthew 24:25-31 Told before

39. Strongs - lightning
*G796 *9 ἀστραπή (as-trap-ay') : from G797; lightning; by analogy, glare:--lightning, bright shining.
Word usage per chapter Words: αστραπαι=4 αστραπη=4 αστραπην

Shock Star
The ancient Greek word "ἀστραπή" ≈ "lightning" and comes from two Greek words.

40. Usage - lightning
  • *G796 *9 ἀστραπή (as-trap-ay') : from G797; lightning; by analogy, glare:--lightning, bright shining.
  •  Usage 
     All 
      αστραπη *4
          Matthew 24:27 For as the lightning cometh out of the east, ...
          Matthew 28:3 His countenance was like lightning, and his raiment ...
          Luke 11:36 ... full of light, as when the bright shining of a candle doth give thee light.
          Luke 17:24 For as the lightning, that lighteneth out of the one ...
      αστραπαι *4
          Revelation 4:5 And out of the throne proceeded lightnings and thunderings and ...
          Revelation 8:5 ... and thunderings, and lightnings, and an earthquake.
          Revelation 11:19 ... testament: and there were lightnings, and voices, and ...
          Revelation 16:18 ... and thunders, and lightnings; and there was a great ...
      αστραπην
          Luke 10:18 ... I beheld Satan as lightning fall from heaven.


Information sign More: Revelation 16:1-21 A veiled look at the seven vile bowl judgments

41. Revelation 16:18 Lightning
Revelation 16:18 And there were voices, and thunders, and lightnings; and there was a great earthquake, such as was not since men were upon the earth, so mighty an earthquake, and so great. [kjv]
και εγενοντο αστραπαι και φωναι και βρονται  και αστραπαι   και σεισμος εγενετο μεγας οιος ουκ εγενετο αφ ου  οι   ανθρωποι εγενοντο επι της γης τηλικουτος σεισμος ουτως μεγας [gnt]

The ancient Greek word "ἀστραπή" ≈ "lightning".

Information sign More: Revelation 16:1-21 A veiled look at the seven vile bowl judgments

42. End of page

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