A Benham disk, when spun fast enough, produces Fechner colors. The eye sees these dark shades of red (or brown), a shade of green and dark blue rather than black and white.

How might we "fact check" the colors we see for "misinformation"?

Here is a version of the Creation Pie logo from February 21, 2009. Parts of the logo include the following.

• Exponential constant e.
• Mathematical constant π.
• Benham disk
• Fechner colors (dark blue, shade of green, brown)

When the disk is not moving, one sees black and white. When the disk is spinning, one sees Fechner colors. I see dark blue, a shade of green and brown. Do those colors actually exist? Are they only in the mind?

How do you know that what you see is actually true? What does it mean to be true?

The mathematical and logical part is where "PIE" consists of, first, "Pi", the Greek letter «π» as a mathematical transcendental constant that is the circumference of a mathematical circle divided by the diameter of that circle, and the mathematical transcendental constant "e" as the natural exponential function that plays an important part on the analysis of geometric sequences of growth.

The mathematical connection is, in part, a view of man's effort to understand and reason with logically the reality of the world as it appears to exist.

More: The speed of light and other physical constants

More: Mathematical constants and Hebrew pi

More: Fundamental constants in the Bible

That is, if the radius is r then the circumference c is as follows.

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The area a of a circle with radius r is as follows.

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The volume v of a sphere with radius r is as follows.


[Aristotle, Paul]

The letter "e" in "Pie" is associated with the transcendental number e defined as the natural exponential function whose first derivative (slope) is itself, as expressed in the following equation.


The exponential constant e plays an important role in geometric sequences of growth (positive or negative).

The mathematical connection is, in part, a view of man's effort to understand and reason with logically the reality of the world as it appears to exist.

Here is a horizontal bar graph of the page count over time.

Here is a horizontal bar graph of (some of) the custom image count over time. These are custom-programmed images. Some are not yet counted.

The ideas of computation (computer science in theory), information (data and information science), and evaluation (technology, computer science in practice) are important in establishing connections to reality that transcend time and space.

The definition of science has changed over time (which is interesting in and of itself). Despite what one may hear from time to time, science cannot prove the Bible true, and science cannot prove the Bible false.

Science is concerned with the reality of time and space as we experience it. The Bible makes claims that go outside of time and space as we know it. Thus it is not at all clear how one would verify a truth that transcends time and space.

The concept of information goes outside of science. It is here that we can hope to find some way to verify the truth of the Bible.

In reasoning about the truth of the Bible, it becomes important to use modern techniques of information and computer (computation) science. The same techniques that can be used to verify truth in the information age (e.g., in the fields of security, program correctness, etc.), can be used to verify the truth of the Bible as a message from a creator outside of space and time.

Why would we want to use such modern methods? Have these techniques been used in the past? Well yes, but only a few individuals have in times past used such techniques. However, those individuals include Isaiah, Jeremiah, Jesus, John, Peter, and Paul, and some others.

So the third connection of "PIE" is somewhat contrived to fit the letters, but is the following.

• The "P" is for procedures or algorithms - ways to deal with information.
• The "I" is for information or data.
• The "E" is for evaluation of the information/data by procedures/algorithms.

Part of my professional research, related to my PhD (computer science) in applied programming language theory (lazy functional systems) involves sophisticated text formatting systems (i.e,, string rewriting systems with lazy evaluation principles). In simple terms, this involves programs that write programs that write programs, etc., using a hierarchy of abstractions.

So, for example, the same source files, images, audio, etc., are used to generate Word documents, PowerPoint presentations, web pages, handouts, questions for exam generation and grading, etc. In doing this type of applied research, it is hard to get good test data to work on since the test data would be content that needs formatted at many levels of target generation.

Whenever teaching, I could use student notes for class for creating such content. Recently, I have been using a number of my web domains and web sites to both develop interesting (to me) content that I can also use to refine ideas for sophisticated text formatting.

So when I find that some page, slide, document, etc., does not look quite right, it is usually the same issue in many places. When I discover and adjust that part, then everything gets adjusted. Part of the system not only allows me to format one document, presentation, page, etc., but to automatically update all needed parts of the system, including update to any web sites.